When is motilin released in the body?

Motilin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal motility, particularly during fasting. It is released by the enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine, especially during the interdigestive periods when the gastrointestinal tract is inactive. The highest levels of motilin occur during the fasting state, initiating the migrating motor complex, which helps to clear residual food and secretions from the stomach and intestines. This hormone facilitates the contraction of gastric and intestinal smooth muscles, promoting the movement of contents through the digestive system.

In contrast, motilin levels typically decrease after eating because digestion and absorption of nutrients are occurring, and the digestive system transitions to a fed state where other hormones, such as gastrin and cholecystokinin, take on a more prominent role in regulating motility and digestive processes. Therefore, the primary context for motilin release is during fasting, which highlights its purpose in preparing the digestive system for the next intake of food.