What is the risk for associated malignancy in patients with Barrett's esophagus and high-grade dysplasia?

In patients with Barrett's esophagus, the presence of high-grade dysplasia elevates the risk for associated malignancy significantly compared to those without dysplasia. High-grade dysplasia is considered a precancerous condition, and it is generally accepted that patients with Barrett's esophagus and high-grade dysplasia have a risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma that can be estimated around 10% per year. This statistic reflects the concerning transition from dysplasia to cancer, emphasizing the importance of careful monitoring and potential intervention in these patients. Thus, the choice indicating a 10% risk aligns with established medical understanding regarding the progression of Barrett's esophagus to malignancy.