What chemotherapy drug can lead to neutropenic enterocolitis?

Cytarabine is known to be associated with the development of neutropenic enterocolitis, particularly in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy regimens. Neutropenic enterocolitis, also referred to as typhlitis, is characterized by inflammation of the cecum and can occur in neutropenic patients, who have a significantly reduced number of neutrophils due to chemotherapy.

The risk of developing neutropenic enterocolitis with cytarabine is partly due to its effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa and the bone marrow, leading to neutropenia and making patients more susceptible to infections and inflammation in the gut. Consequently, when the gut barrier is compromised, the enteric bacteria can lead to severe colitis and potential bowel perforation, which are serious complications.

This connection with cytarabine is particularly emphasized in clinical practice, indicating the need for monitoring patients closely for this complication, especially after high-dose administrations. Understanding this link is crucial for the management of patients receiving chemotherapy and highlights the importance of surveillance for gastrointestinal complications in those who are immunocompromised.