What characterizes Plummer's syndrome, and what is the recommended treatment?

Plummer's syndrome, also known as toxic multinodular goiter, is characterized by hyperthyroidism resulting from an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule or multiple nodules. In this condition, some thyroid nodules produce thyroid hormones independently of the regulatory mechanisms of the pituitary gland, leading to elevated levels of circulating thyroid hormones and consequently hyperthyroidism.

The recommended treatment for Plummer's syndrome often involves surgical intervention, specifically the removal of the affected thyroid gland or the hyperfunctioning nodules when the patient exhibits symptoms of hyperthyroidism or if there are concerns regarding the size or nature of the nodules. Surgery not only alleviates the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as palpitations, weight loss, and heat intolerance but also addresses potential complications associated with large nodules, which could include compressive symptoms or malignancy.

In contrast, other options presented relate to different thyroid conditions. Hypothyroidism would not be associated with Plummer's syndrome, while autoimmune hypothyroidism typically requires hormone replacement rather than corticosteroids, and thyroid cancer treatment largely relies on surgical management rather than chemotherapy in most cases. Thus, surgical intervention for the autonomously functioning nodules correctly identifies the nature and treatment of this syndrome.