What anatomical structure forms the boundaries of femoral hernias?

The anatomical boundaries of femoral hernias are formed by Cooper's ligament, the inguinal ligament, and the femoral vein.

Cooper's ligament is a thickened band of fascia that acts as a critical boundary at the medial aspect of the femoral canal, where femoral hernias occur. The inguinal ligament, which runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle, forms the superior boundary of the femoral canal, creating an anatomical space that can become a site for herniation. The femoral vein is located posterior to the femoral canal and forms the lateral boundary, thus balancing the anatomical structures within the femoral ring. Together, these structures define the site and compartment for femoral hernias, making this combination the correct choice.

Other options do not correctly represent the distinct anatomical boundaries relevant to femoral hernias. The rectus sheath and external oblique aponeurosis pertain more to the anterior abdominal wall and inguinal hernias rather than the femoral space. The transversalis fascia serves a different role by providing a layer between the abdominal cavity and the retroperitoneal space, while the iliopubic tract is more related to the boundaries of the ing