How does IL-2 function in the treatment of melanoma?

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) plays a critical role in the treatment of melanoma by promoting lymphocyte activation and proliferation. This cytokine is integral to the immune response, particularly in enhancing the activity of T cells, which are essential for fighting cancer. When IL-2 is administered therapeutically, it stimulates the growth and differentiation of T cells, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that can specifically target and destroy melanoma cells.

By increasing the number of functional T cells, IL-2 enhances the body’s immune surveillance against tumor cells, leading to improved overall anti-tumor response. The activation of lymphocytes also results in a more robust immune memory, which can provide long-lasting protection against recurrence.

While it might be tempting to consider other mechanisms, such as direct tumor inhibition or cytokine release from macrophages, the primary function of IL-2 in this context is its ability to amplify the immune response rather than directly targeting the tumor itself. Similarly, although increasing blood flow to tumors could hypothetically enhance the delivery of immune cells, it does not represent the fundamental mechanism by which IL-2 exerts its therapeutic effects in melanoma.